IGCSE Biology Paper-4: Specimen Questions with Answers 1 - 2 of 279
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Question 1
Explanation
Gene cloning is also called as molecular cloning which is used to assemble recombinant DNA molecule and their direct replication in the host organism.
Major steps, which are used for gene cloning are-
| 1. Generation of DNA Fragments ⇾ 2. Joining to a vector ⇾ 3. Introduction into a host cell for amplification ⇾ 4. Selection of required sequence |
Question 2
Write in Brief One Liner▾
Diagram shows a cross section of plant cell. Fill the all organelles in given diagram. In addition, write their functions.
Explanation
| Cell organelle | Functions |
| Cell wall | Support and protection |
| Cell membrane | Support, protection and controls movement of materials in/out of cell |
| Nucleus | Controls cell activities |
| Cytoplasm | Protects cell organelles |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Carries materials through cell |
| ribosome | Produces proteins |
| Mitochondria | Breaks down sugar molecules into energy |
| Vacuole | Store food, water, waste |
| Lysosome | Digests old cell parts |
| chloroplast | Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) |