IGCSE Biology Paper-3: Specimen Questions with Answers 354 - 355 of 358
Passage
The blood of a fetus does not mix with the blood of its mother, but substances are exchanged across the placenta.
Question 354 (4 of 4 Based on Passage)
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Short Answer▾Mothers may be encouraged to breast-feed their newborn babies. The first milk that a mother secretes is called colostrum and contains antibodies.
Name the cells that produce antibodies.
Explanation
Immunity in newborn babies is only temporary and starts to decrease after the first few weeks or months. Premature babies are at higher risk of developing an illness because their immune systems aren՚t as strong and they haven՚t had as many antibodies passed to them. As newborn immunity is only temporary, it՚s important to begin childhood immunizations when baby is 2 months old. This applies to babies who are either premature or full-term.
Passage
A balanced diet contains seven different groups of substances.
Three of these groups of substances are fats, fiber (roughage) and vitamins.
Question 355 (1 of 2 Based on Passage)
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Short Answer▾State the names of four other groups of substances in a balanced diet.
Explanation
There are seven essential factors for a balanced diet: carbs, protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and water.
| S. No. | Nutrient | % of daily calories | Function | Source |
| 1 | Carbs | 45 – 55 % | Energy | Grains (refined & unrefined) : wheat, maize, corn, millet, oats, rice, flour, pasta, noodles; potatoes; sweet potatoes, yam. Fruit (sugar) . |
| 2 | Protein | 10 – 35 % | Tissue growth and maintenance | Meat, fish, nuts, eggs, soya, beans, and pulses. |
| 3 | Fat | 20 – 35 % from fat | Energy, energy storage, hormone production | Nuts, seeds, plant oils, dairy products (milk, cheese) . |
| 4 | Fiber | Included in carbs. | Regulates blood sugar levels, bowel function and bowel health. | Peas, beans, vegetables, fruit, oats, whole grains, brown rice, nuts, seeds. |
| 5 | Vitamins & minerals | trace | Metabolism regulation, aiding cell growth, other biochemical functions | Specific to each vitamin/mineral. A range of vegetables, lean meat, nuts and seeds will cover most people՚s needs. |
| 6 | Water | 0 | Maintaining hydration | Drinking water, other beverages. About 20 % of water intake comes from food. |