A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 20 - 21 of 299

Question 20

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Brief about role of imagery (Marks 5)

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Explanation

  • Role of imagery- The form in which information is encoded is an important aspect of long-term memory. The organization and meaning given to verbal information are quite influential in promoting long-term retention.
  • Another factor is whether the incoming information is encoded by forming images of it. Visual images are the ones that have been most studied Image is a hard concept to define. With the exception of iconic images, images do not seem to be literal copies of input.
  • In the case of visual images, for example, the “picture in the head” is not exact copy of the input; it is not complete, and parts of it are emphasized while others are absent. Images are thus partial and altered representations of what is in the world around us

Question 21

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Elucidate the Covariation principle (4 Marks)

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Explanation

  • Harold Kelly has introduced the principle of Covariation. Kelly suggests that there are many possible cause and effect relationships inherent in a situation that provides a possible explanation for behaviour.
  • According to the Covariation principle, an observer can use one of three specific types of causes to explain an effect- actor, entity, circumstances
Elucidate the Covariation Principle