A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 20 - 21 of 299
Question 20
Explanation
- Role of imagery- The form in which information is encoded is an important aspect of long-term memory. The organization and meaning given to verbal information are quite influential in promoting long-term retention.
- Another factor is whether the incoming information is encoded by forming images of it. Visual images are the ones that have been most studied Image is a hard concept to define. With the exception of iconic images, images do not seem to be literal copies of input.
- In the case of visual images, for example, the “picture in the head” is not exact copy of the input; it is not complete, and parts of it are emphasized while others are absent. Images are thus partial and altered representations of what is in the world around us
Question 21
Explanation
- Harold Kelly has introduced the principle of Covariation. Kelly suggests that there are many possible cause and effect relationships inherent in a situation that provides a possible explanation for behaviour.
- According to the Covariation principle, an observer can use one of three specific types of causes to explain an effect- actor, entity, circumstances