A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 220 - 222 of 299
Question 220
Write in Brief
One Liner▾“Portion size effect”- A matter of anchoring and inadequate adjustment- Explain
(Marks 5)
Explanation
Portion size effect- The tendency to eat more when a larger portion of food is received than a smaller portion is really a good example of anchoring and inadequate adjustment
Question 221
Explanation
Parkinson disease is a degenerative brain disorder that affects about 1 in every 1,000 people worldwide followed by
- Stooped posture
Slow body movements (Bradykinesia)
Tremors
Jerkiness in walking
Voice is also affected, affected individuals speak in a soft monotone
Changes in motor movements are the result of damage to dopamine pathways, because dopamine is involved in complex movement, a reduction in this neurotransmitter makes affected individuals increasingly unable to control their muscle movements, which leads to tremors and muscle weakness.
Lewy bodies are also present in the brains of affected persons
Question 222
Explanation
The rationale underlying shame-attacking exercises is that emotional disturbance related to the self is often characterized by feelings of shame, guilt, anxiety and depression
- Ellis developed exrcisesto help people reduce shame and anxiety over behaving in certain ways
Ellis asserts that we can stubbornly refuse to feel ashamed by telling ourselves that it is not catastrophic if someone thinks we are foolish
Clients may accept a homework assignment to take the risk of doing something that they are ordinarily afraid to do because what others might think
For example clients may wear “loud” clothes designed to attract attention, sing loudly, and ask a silly question at a lecture.
By carrying out these assignments, clients are likely to find out that other people are not really interested in their behavior