A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 220 - 222 of 299
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Question 220
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One Liner▾“Portion size effect” - A matter of anchoring and inadequate adjustment- Explain
(Marks 5)
Explanation
Portion size effect- The tendency to eat more when a larger portion of food is received than a smaller portion is really a good example of anchoring and inadequate adjustment
Question 221
Explanation
Parkinson disease is a degenerative brain disorder that affects about 1 in every 1000 people worldwide followed by
- Stooped posture
- Slow body movements (Bradykinesia)
- Tremors
- Jerkiness in walking
- Voice is also affected, affected individuals speak in a soft monotone
- Changes in motor movements are the result of damage to dopamine pathways, because dopamine is involved in complex movement, a reduction in this neurotransmitter makes affected individuals increasingly unable to control their muscle movements, which leads to tremors and muscle weakness.
- Lewy bodies are also present in the brains of affected persons
Question 222
Explanation
The rationale underlying shame-attacking exercises is that emotional disturbance related to the self is often characterized by feelings of shame, guilt, anxiety and depression
- Ellis developed exrcisesto help people reduce shame and anxiety over behaving in certain ways
- Ellis asserts that we can stubbornly refuse to feel ashamed by telling ourselves that it is not catastrophic if someone thinks we are foolish
- Clients may accept a homework assignment to take the risk of doing something that they are ordinarily afraid to do because what others might think
- For example clients may wear “loud” clothes designed to attract attention, sing loudly, and ask a silly question at a lecture.
- By carrying out these assignments, clients are likely to find out that other people are not really interested in their behavior