A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 192 - 194 of 299

Explanation

Positive Reinforcement Can be Defined As

• Occurrence of a behavior
• Followed by the addition of a stimulus or increase in the intensity of a stimulus
• Results in the strengthening of the behavior

Negative Reinforcement Can be Defined As

• Occurrence of a behavior
• Followed by the removal of a stimulus or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus
• Results in the strengthening of the behavior

Explanation

Inferiority feelings- The normal condition of all people; the source of all human striving

Inferiority complex- A condition that develops when a person is unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings

Explanation

• People when acting as raters of others, tend to attribute the behavior they view as indicative of stable trait dispositions but when acting as self-raters they tend to perceive their own behavior as more affected by specific situational influences.
• Halo effect is the phenomenon in which the initial familiarity that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics.