A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 31 - 33 of 299

Question 31

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Define the term Identity Crisis and it was stated by whom? (Mark 3)

Explanation

  • Identity crisis is a term in an epigenetic and social psychological theory i which an individual loses a sense of personal sameness and historical continuity.

  • The term was coined by Erik Erikson. According to Erikson, an identity crisis is a time of intensive analysis and exploration of different ways of looking at oneself

  • Erikson’s interest in identity began in childhood

Image of the Identity Crisis

Question 32

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Differentiate Actor-Observer effect from Self-Serving Bias (Marks 4)

Explanation

Difference between Actor-observer effect and Self-serving bias

  • The tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational causes but the behavior of others to internal causes is called as Actor-observer effect

  • The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal causes but negative ones to external causes is called as Self-serving bias

Actor-Observer Effect from Self-Serving Bias

Question 33

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Define planning fallacy (Marks 2)

Explanation

People make overly optimistic predictions about how long it will take them to complete a given task, an effect long it will take them to complete a given task, an effect known as planning fallacy. This occurs repeatedly both because we fail to consider obstacles we may encounter when predicting how long a task will take. Also, when we are strongly motivated to complete a task, we often fail to consider all the time-consuming steps necessary to do so

Define Planning Fallacy

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