A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 281 - 282 of 299

Explanation

• The idea behind reliability is that any significant results must be repeatable. Researchers must be able to perform exactly the same experiment under same conditions and generate the same results

• Test-retest reliability- The degree to which the same test score would be obtained on another occasion

• Inter observer reliability- The typical degree of agreement between scores

• Split-half reliability- Form of reliability in which scores from the two halves of a test (e. g. even items versus odd items) are correlated with one another; the correlation is then adjusted for test length

• Parallel form reliability- Compares two equivalent forms of a test that measure the same attribute. The two forms use different items. However the rules used to select items of a particular difficulty level are the same.

Explanation

One way to study the organization of information in long-term memory is to see what happens when we search through our library of experience to retrieve a memory, Suppose you are trying to retrieve a person’s name but you cannot quite remember it; the name is on the “tip of the tongue, ” but you just cannot recall it. If we look at this tip of the tongue phenomenon in greater detail, we find evidence for the organization of long term memory.

• The search through memory store in the TOT state is not random.

• If the name you are looking for is Martin, you may come up with Mertin or Morton, but not brown.

• Sounded like the target word

• Started with the same letter as the target word

• Continued with the same number of syllables as the target word

• Had a meaning similar to that of the target word

• Thus TOT phenomenon indicates that information is organized in long term memory

• The words retrieved in the TOT example are part of our general store of knowledge about the world