A-AS Level (CIE) Psychology: Specimen Questions with Answers 273 - 274 of 299

Explanation

Symptom subtype of Obsessions and Compulsions are as follows

• Symmetry-Obsessions- Needing things to be symmetrical/urges to do things over and over until they feel “just right”

• Symmetry-Compulsions- Putting things in a certain order/Repeating rituals

• Forbidden thoughts or actions (sexual/aggressive/religious) - Obsessions- Fears or urges to harm self or others

• Forbidden thoughts or actions (sexual/aggressive/religious) - Compulsions- Avoidance/Repeated requests for reassurance

• Cleaning/contamination-Obsessions- Fear of germs or contamination

• Cleaning/contamination-Compulsions-Repetitive or excessive washing, using gloves to do daily tasks

• Hoarding-Obsessions-Fear of throwing anything away

• Hoarding-Compulsions-Collecting/saving objects with little or no actual sentiment value such as food wrappings

Explanation

• Languages are learnt at different ages, in different situations and up to very different levels of competence.

• A significant factor believed to contribute to acquisition of language is ‘age’. Research has shown that some aspects of a second language, such as vocabulary, comprehension and fluency seem to be acquired as well after adolescence as before.

• The mastery of native like pronunciation, however seems to depend on early acquisition. In any case there do not appear to be critical periods for second language acquisition

• Adults may appear to have a harder time learning second languages because they retain their native language as their dominant language

• Young children in contrast, who typically need to attend school in new language, may have to switch dominant language. Thus they learn the new language to a higher level of mastery